Those air quality issues are one reason why we have started to think about how we could turn things people use every day–wood chips, leftover farm waste and yes even trash—into an energy source. Using a procedure called gasification, we can do exactly this and it is even more astonishing. Syngas is a gas form converted from solid material – this makes gasification key in many process. It can be used as a fuel to power stuff like electricity generation, home heating and making of different chemicals that we use in our daily lives.
Gasification process starts with the heating of solid material into a chamber made specifically for gas treatment called Gasifier. This box only has a minimal quantity of oxygen. This method separates the material into a number of gases by heating it. Gases like carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methane. The gases emitted are then captured and used as a potential fuel source. Changing temperature and about of air present, various kinds of gases can be produced which is very useful for different purposes.
As you can imagine, gasification has a number of advantages that make it the preferred method for creating clean renewable and sustainable energy. Another major benefit is that it has the potential to process a variety of materials which would otherwise have gone into landfill. In particular, scrap wood and farm waste such as sawdust can be incinerated in the process. This is important because gasification not only makes energy but also prevents us from throwing trash away. If we are able to use these, then our need for non-renewable fuels like coal or oil (which can also cause damage in the environment) could be decreased.
Basically what happens is that heat melts the solid material, which in turn breaks down the chemical bonds holding everything together. With few exceptions, carbon is the primary component of most solid fuels. Carbon can react with the oxygen around it to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) when heated in an rich environment of oxygen. In the absence of oxygen, it will only form CO (carbon monoxide) instead. The reason we do this, is so that they can force these materials to give up their energy when it would normally exend with what just happened.
There are many practical uses for gasification in industries. A major application is disposal of waste for energy generation. City garbage or waste coming out from different industrial process can be fed into a gasifier for example. In this gasifier, the waste is converted into syngas. That syngas can be burned to make electricity, heat and even chemicals like hydrogen or ammonia that are used in many industrial processes.
Gasification also holds promise in the realm of biofuels. Biofuels are fuels derived from renewable sources such as wood, straw or corn. Gasification can convert these materials in to syngas which the be converted into liquid biofuels such as ethanol or diesel. This biodiesel is then used to run vehicles as a substitute for gasoline and diesel which are produced from natural fossil fuels.
These are the benefits but there are also challenges and limitations that a researcher must take care of while gasification. One of the key issues is that both setting up and running gasification systems can be costly. A gasifier takes special equipment, trained people running it to get it right. This can be an obstacle to many corps and societies which are planning for the adoption of this technology.
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